primaiop.blogg.se - Voynich manuscript reproduction

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The text was clearly written from left to right, with a slightly ragged right margin. The "biological" section of the manuscript has dense text and illustrations showing nude women bathing.

Recipes - many short paragraphs, each marked with a flower-like (or star-like) "bullet".

Pharmaceutical - many labeled drawings of isolated plant parts ( roots, leaves, etc.) objects resembling apothecary jars drawn along the margins and a few text paragraphs.

This section also has fold-outs one of them spans six pages and contains some sort of map or diagram, with nine "islands" connected by " causeways", castles, and possibly a volcano.

Cosmological - more circular diagrams, but of an obscure nature.

Biological - a dense continuous text interspersed with figures, mostly showing small nude women bathing in pools or tubs connected by an elaborate network of pipes, some of them clearly shaped like body organs.

Some of these diagrams are on fold-out pages. The last two pages of this section ( Aquarius and Capricornus, roughly January and February) were lost, while Aries and Taurus are split into four paired diagrams with 15 stars each. Each symbol is surrounded by exactly 30 miniature female figures, most of them naked, each holding a labeled star.

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One series of 12 diagrams depicts conventional symbols for the zodiacal constellations (two fish for Pisces, a bull for Taurus, a soldier with crossbow for Sagittarius, etc.).

Astronomical - contains circular diagrams, some of them with suns, moons, and stars, suggestive of astronomy or astrology.

Some parts of these drawings are larger and cleaner copies of sketches seen in the pharmaceutical section (below).

Herbal - each page displays one plant (sometimes two), and a few paragraphs of text-a format typical of European herbals of the time.

The "herbal" section of the manuscript contains illustrations of plants. The sections, and their conventional names, are: Except for the last section, which contains only text, almost every page contains at least one illustration. The illustrations of the manuscript shed little light on its contents, but imply that the book consists of six "sections", with different styles and subject matter.

A quill pen was used for the text and figure outlines, and colored paint was applied (somewhat crudely) to the figures, possibly at a later date. About 240 vellum pages remain today, and gaps in the page numbering (which seems to be later than the text) indicate that several pages were already missing by the time that Voynich acquired it. The first facsimile edition was published in 2005.īy current estimates, the book originally had 272 pages in 17 quires of 16 pages each. As of 2005, the Voynich manuscript is item MS 408 in the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library of Yale University. The book is named after the Polish-American book-dealer Wilfrid M. This string of failures has turned the Voynich manuscript into a famous subject of historical cryptology, but it has also given weight to the theory that the book is simply an elaborate hoax - a meaningless sequence of arbitrary symbols.

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Over its recorded existence, the Voynich manuscript has been the object of intense study by many professional and amateur cryptographers, including some top American and British codebreakers of World War II fame (all of whom failed to decipher a single word). It is thought to have been written approximately 400 years ago by an unknown author in an unidentified script and unintelligible language. The Voynich manuscript is a mysterious illustrated book with incomprehensible contents. The Voynich manuscript is written in an unknown script.